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Latest medical news · page 27

The latest headlines across every section, pulled from official and open-access sources.

MHRA (UK) · Jun 9, 2026

Guidance: AI Airlock Simulation Workshops

Key insights of simulation workshops from the AI Airlock testing programme. You should note that these documents are not formal guidance.

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Consultation-Liaison psychiatry in a high-complexity university hospital in Turin, Italy: an observational study with a focus on delirium and predictive factors of clinical outcome

Background and aim This observational study aims to provide an overview of consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) activity within the high-intensity, complex hospital setting of the ‘Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza’ in Turin. The study is mainly focused on delirium-related features and predictive factors of clinical outcome. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on 500 psychiatric consultations provided by the University Facility of Psychiatry. Additional analysis was performed in a subgroup of patients with a diagnosis of delirium (143 subjects)…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

School-based versus community-based interventions for promoting mental health among school-age children in marginalised or underserved populations: a systematic review protocol

Introduction School-aged children frequently experience psychological distress due to academic pressures, a challenge that is often more severe for those from underserved and minority communities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mental health interventions implemented in school and community settings for children aged 5 to 19. It also seeks to compare the outcomes between children from minority and underserved populations and their peers. Methods and analysis This systematic review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Effect of yoga on musculoskeletal complaints in women during endocrine treatment for breast cancer: protocol of the randomised controlled COBRA trial

Introduction Approximately 40% of women stop endocrine therapy for hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer within the first 5 years of prescribed treatment because of side effects. Musculoskeletal complaints are among the most frequently reported side effects. The Cancer Of the BReast Asanas (COBRA) study examines the effect of an 18-week yoga programme on endocrine therapy-associated musculoskeletal complaints in women with breast cancer. Methods and analysis In total, 140 women will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention or waitlist control group. The intervention programme…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Continuation of first-line therapy with radiotherapy for oligoprogression versus early switch to second-line therapy in oligoprogressive hepatocellular carcinoma (CROSS): study protocol of a multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label, phase III trial

Introduction Treatment options remain limited for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who experience oligoprogression during first-line systemic therapy (FLST), especially given the modest efficacy and restricted availability of second-line systemic therapy (SLST). This trial aims to evaluate whether continuing FLST combined with radiotherapy (RT) to oligoprogressive lesions can improve progression-free survival (PFS) compared with an early switch to SLST in patients with oligoprogressive HCC while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. Methods and analysis The…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

HIV self-testing for partners of postpartum women to facilitate HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy uptake: a protocol to adapt and pilot an intervention via a pilot randomised controlled trial in South Africa

Introduction South African women are vulnerable to HIV acquisition during the postpartum period which can result in perinatal transmission via breastfeeding; many male partners do not know their HIV status. Biomedical approaches to preventing HIV for postpartum women include pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral treatment for male partners with HIV. Gaps in implementation include low uptake of PrEP among postpartum women and infrequent testing of men who may be motivated to test for HIV to protect the health of their infant. Methods and analysis We will conduct a randomised pilot…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Menopause age and hypercholesterolemia comorbidities: a region-wide retrospective cohort study in Andalusia, Spain (2016-2022)

Objectives To quantify sex- and age-related differences in hypercholesterolaemia diagnosis and associated comorbidities around the menopausal transition, using a population-based real-world dataset. Design Retrospective, multicentre, non-interventional observational cohort study. Setting Region-wide public healthcare system data (primary and secondary care) from Andalusia (Spain), 2016–2022. Participants All adult patients meeting inclusion criteria with a recorded diagnosis of hypercholesterolaemia between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2022 (n=557 034; 227 834 men and 329 200 women)…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for moderate to severe chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (TASC-P) in China: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Introduction Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) affects around 35%–50% of men during their lifetime. The efficacy of current oral medication for CP/CPPS remains limited. Recent studies demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation may improve chronic pelvic and abdominal pain. Accordingly, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) might represent a promising, non-invasive therapeutic approach for the clinical management of CP/CPPS. Methods and analysis The trial of Transcutaneous Auricular vagus nerve Stimulation for moderate to severe Chronic…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Catering to patients with Parkinsons disease: a survey on self-perceived competence and barriers of speech and language pathologists in Malaysia

Objective Referrals to speech and language pathology are infrequent for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), despite speech and communication being often affected and greatly impacting their quality of life. This study investigated the knowledge, self-competence and challenges faced by speech and language pathologists (SLPs) in Malaysia when managing PD cases. Design Participants self-administered an online-survey in a cross-sectional study design. The survey consisted of 14 questions on current practices of SLPs with their patients with PD, self-perceived competence when assessing and…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Threats and deprivations as predictors of IPV perpetration: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of Bangladeshi young adults

Purpose Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern in Bangladesh, where approximately two-thirds of women report experiencing partner violence and over half of young men admit to perpetrating it. While adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are among the strongest predictors of IPV, existing research has relied on cumulative ACE scores, overlooking how distinct dimensions of childhood adversity may differentially predict violence. This study examines the relationship between two dimensions of ACEs, threat (eg, exposure to violence) and deprivation (eg, lack of emotional or…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Prediction of ICU length of stay, hospital discharge outcomes and discharge location among ICU-admitted patients diagnosed with viral hepatitis using machine learning: a retrospective cohort study of the MIMIC-IV database

Background Hepatitis, a disease characterised by inflammation of the liver, is a leading global health challenge that contributes to over 1.3 million deaths annually, with hepatitis B and C accounting for many of these fatalities. Intensive care unit (ICU) management of patients is particularly challenging due to the complex clinical care and resource demands. Despite advancements in ICU predictive analytics, limited research has specifically addressed hepatitis patients, creating a gap in optimising care for this population. Methods This study focuses on predicting ICU length of stay (LoS)…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Feasibility of a community-based intervention for the diagnosis and management of hypertension in two rural populations in Kenya and The Gambia: IMPLEMENT-IHCoR feasibility study protocol

Introduction Hypertension is the leading global risk factor for mortality, causing over 10 million deaths annually. In sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension prevalence is high, particularly in rural areas, where it is less likely to be diagnosed, treated or controlled effectively. This results in a high burden of complications, including heart failure, stroke and kidney disease. Community-centred approaches using community health workers (CHWs), risk-based approaches and simplified treatment regimens have shown promise in improving hypertension management. However, there is limited evidence on the…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in displaced and non-displaced individuals after armed conflict: cross-sectional survey evidence from Kasai, Democratic Republic of Congo

Objectives The study aims to estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the Greater Kasai region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and to examine how demographic and socio-economic factors, such as displacement status and livelihood conditions, are associated with these mental health outcomes. Design A cross-sectional two-stage multi-cluster sampling survey. Setting In 2016–2019, a violent conflict in the Greater Kasai region of the DRC led to widespread atrocities and massive displacement. The population not only has to cope with…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Drivers of youth mental health and wellbeing: a large-scale cross-sectional study in Morocco

Objectives This study aimed to describe the factors influencing mental health and wellbeing from the perspective of Moroccan youth. Design This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Setting All 12 regions in Morocco. Main outcome measures Perceived priority drivers of mental health and well-being among youth. Results A total of 1182 participants were included (mean age 20.5 years, 68.2% female, 85.7% from urban settings). Regarding health and nutrition, 46.3% valued sleep, 59.7% emphasised physical health, 53.1% highlighted access to quality healthcare and 56.5% prioritised clean air. In…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Ontologies and zoonotic risk-related knowledge, attitudes and practices: a cross-sectional survey in Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Guatemala

Objectives To examine whether Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ (IPLC) ontologies are associated with knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to wildlife cohabitation and zoonotic disease transmission in biodiversity-rich areas of Latin America. Design Cross-sectional household survey using a standardised KAP questionnaire. Ontologies were classified using latent class analysis. Associations between ontology classes and outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. Setting Urban, rural and protected areas in biodiversity-rich regions of Bolivia…

BMJ Open · Jun 9, 2026

Electronic nicotine delivery systems versus nicotine replacement therapies and risk of smoking relapse: evidence from a US nationwide prospective cohort (Cancer Prevention Study-3)

Objective To compare use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) with nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) on risk of cigarette smoking relapse by people who had already quit cigarettes. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-3, a nationwide US cohort with follow-up every 3 years beginning in 2015. Participants Adults who in 2015 had already quit smoking (n=3112) or were smoking (n=1018) and who in 2018 reported past or current exclusive use of ENDS or NRT and provided smoking status. Outcome measures Relapse to cigarette smoking in…

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