New research and findings from open-access journals and the U.S. research agencies.
The global burden attributable to elevated LDL-C has grown substantially since 1990, driven largely by population growth and aging despite significant declines in age-standardized rates, according to findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Cholesterol Collaborators published July 29 in JAMA.
Objectives Preoperative optimisation programmes aim to reduce complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA), yet long-term effects on superficial surgical site infections (SSI), periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) and overall health remain unclear. This study evaluated the long-term impact of preoperative optimisation in cooperation with hospital and primary healthcare on infection outcomes and general health following elective primary lower extremity TJA. Design In this prospective quasi-experimental study, 1484 patients undergoing TJA were followed postoperatively. The intervention…
Objectives Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune polyneuropathy manifested by progressive limb weakness. Anxiety and depression are significant yet under-recognised complications of GBS, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examined the proportion and progression of anxiety and depression in Bangladeshi GBS patients and their associations with clinical features, outcomes and quality of life (QoL). Design A prospective cohort study. Settings National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Participants A total of 148 GBS patients aged…
Objectives To compare the reliability of four commonly used structured tools for risk-of-bias assessment in prognostic cohort studies and evaluate their agreement with expert appraisal. Design Methodological comparison study. Setting Secondary analysis of published prognostic cohort studies in patients with acute pulmonary embolism from a previously conducted systematic review. Participants Sixty-three cohort studies assessing the prognostic role of echocardiography in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Primary and secondary outcome measures Four independent reviewers assessed study…
Introduction Primary liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, are one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) and radioembolisation (TARE) are established palliative treatments yet they are traditionally performed during inpatient hospitalisation. Recent technical and organisational advances allow for safe same-day ambulatory procedures. In particular, the extent to which ambulatory intra-arterial therapy aligns with patients’ expectations, comfort and quality of life remains poorly documented. The…
Objectives A growing body of evidence supports prehabilitation in cancer patients, but the findings have been inconsistent. This overview aimed to identify, evaluate and summarise the effect of prehabilitation on the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Design Overview of systematic reviews. Data sources PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library and the JBI Evidence Synthesis database (Joanna Briggs Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia; hosted on Ovid) were searched from inception to January 2025. The search was updated in May 2026, and…
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of waste separation and recycling education on waste management awareness among nursing students at a university and to examine the psychometric properties of a measurement tool designed to assess this awareness. Method The research was conducted using a single-group pretest–post-test quasi-experimental and methodological design. The population of the study consisted of individuals receiving nursing education; 180 participants were included in the pretest and 117 in the post-test. Data were collected using a Demographic Information Form…
Objectives Internalised weight stigma (IWS) has been associated with lower physical activity (PA) levels in Western populations with diabetes, but evidence from Asian primary care settings remains limited. This study examined factors associated with PA levels, including IWS, among obese type 2 diabetic patients in Hong Kong primary care. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire study. Setting A single general outpatient clinic in Hong Kong. Participants 310 Chinese adults aged 18–69 years with type 2 diabetes and Body Mass Index ≥25 kg/m² who attended routine follow-up appointments were…
Introduction Hand expression is a manual method of milk expression that requires no equipment and is commonly used in the early postpartum period, particularly when direct breastfeeding is not possible or not effective. Randomised trials have reported mixed findings across different maternal–infant contexts. This review aims to synthesise randomised evidence on the effects of postpartum hand expression on expressed milk volume and breastfeeding outcomes. Methods and analysis We will include individually randomised parallel-group controlled trials involving human postpartum women expressing…
Introduction Emergency departments (EDs) operate under conditions of high demand, uncertainty and resource constraints, making efficient personnel rostering a critical component of healthcare delivery. Poorly designed staff schedules may contribute to increased waiting times, staff burnout, reduced quality of care and inefficient use of resources. Operations research (OR) methods, including mathematical programming, heuristics, metaheuristics and simulation-based optimisation, have been widely applied to workforce scheduling problems in healthcare. However, the specific application of these…
Functional precision medicine tests drugs directly on living tumor cells to help clinicians identify the most effective, personalized treatments for their patients. NCI Director Dr. Anthony Letai shares his personal journey with the technology and highlights next steps for advancing the field from a recent NCI workshop.
Tarsus Pharmaceuticals is fronting $450 million to acquire Alkeus Pharmaceuticals for its phase 3-stage retinal disease therapy that's being touted as a potential blockbuster.
BioVie has hailed phase 2 data as evidence that bezisterim could represent a “meaningful advance” in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. But the biotech focused on a new composite measure, rather than its stated primary endpoint, and emphasized outcomes in a subpopulation of patients.
Neurology
Surgery
Neurology
This secondary analysis of randomized clinical trial investigates whether adopting a vegan diet is associated with reduced dietary energy density.
This cohort study evaluates postsurgical outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries with rural vs nonrural residence undergoing common surgical procedures.
This cross-sectional study examines whether outpatient melatonin use in children is associated with differences in objectively measured sleep architecture using polysomnography.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the functional and safety outcomes associated with intravenous thrombolysis administered 4.5 hours or more after symptom onset in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effectiveness of a role-playing–based intensive training program for physicians compared with regular physician training in improving glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses changes in mental health symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic by sex and gender.
This qualitative study investigates the experiences of out-of-state individuals who travel to central and southern Illinois to receive abortion care.
Women undergoing intervention for primary mitral regurgitation (PMR) are older, more symptomatic and have worse long-term outcomes than men, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis published July 21 in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging.