Objectives To examine whether Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ (IPLC) ontologies are associated with knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to wildlife cohabitation and zoonotic disease transmission in biodiversity-rich areas of Latin America. Design Cross-sectional household survey using a standardised KAP questionnaire. Ontologies were classified using latent class analysis. Associations between ontology classes and outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. Setting Urban, rural and protected areas in biodiversity-rich regions of Bolivia…
Objective To compare use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) with nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) on risk of cigarette smoking relapse by people who had already quit cigarettes. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-3, a nationwide US cohort with follow-up every 3 years beginning in 2015. Participants Adults who in 2015 had already quit smoking (n=3112) or were smoking (n=1018) and who in 2018 reported past or current exclusive use of ENDS or NRT and provided smoking status. Outcome measures Relapse to cigarette smoking in…
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of high-intensity transcranial alternating current stimulation (HI-tACS) in targeting core deficits of emotion dysregulation and attentional bias in adolescents with major depressive disorder and nonsuicidal self-injury.
This cohort study explores the association of prepubertal growth trajectory and cumulative exposure to adiposity with pubertal onset and evaluates potential sensitive periods for preventive intervention.
This qualitative study explores patients’ views on the trade-off between faster US Food and Drug Administration approval and evidentiary certainty regarding clinical benefits of new cancer drugs.
This cohort study evaluates the incidence of venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism among hospitalized children and adolescents and characterizes their association with in-hospital mortality.
This quality improvement study assesses the feasibility and implementation of enhanced telehealth components, including remote blood pressure monitoring, mobile phlebotomy, and injections at home, for patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy.
This comparative effectiveness research study examines the failure rate and other clinical outcomes associated with use of standard-dose ibuprofen, adjustable-dose ibuprofen, indomethacin, and acetaminophen for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus among infants born before 29 weeks’ gestation.
This quality improvement study evaluates whether the introduction of an acute care cardiology model in a freestanding children’s hospital is associated with changes in outcome, process, and balancing measures.
This cohort study examines the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections and the factors associated with risk of severe disease.
By fine-tuning domain-specific models with real clinical operations data — such as historical performance, feasibility outcomes, enrollment patterns, and resource utilization — hidden information can be translated into structured intelligence. The post How AI is Unlocking Smarter Clinical Trial Protocols appeared first on MedCity News .
Introduction Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) is closely associated with the management of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection because it modulates the metabolism of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The frequency of UGT1A1 polymorphisms varies widely among sub-Saharan Africans. However, studies examining the frequency of UGT1A1 polymorphisms and their impact on drug response profiles, accounting for environmental factors, drug–drug and gene–drug interactions and non-compliance remain sparse. Given that HIV and TB treatments often involve complex drug regimens with a high…
Objectives This study assessed the spatial distribution of HIV test non-uptake among pregnant women who attended antenatal care (ANC) in sub-Saharan Africa. Design Cross-sectional study design. Setting Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region. 24 SSA countries were included in this study. Data source Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), 2016–2024. Participants 82 397 women who were pregnant in the last 2 years preceding the survey. Outcome measure HIV test non-uptake, which is a legacy indicator of HIV test among pregnant women. Result The HIV test non-uptake among ANC attending pregnant women was…
Objectives The Mental health care: Adverse Sequelae of COVID-19 study aimed to (1) compare the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for mental health services and people with pre-existing mental health conditions (MHCs) in six low- and middle-income countries and (2) identify good practice to mitigate these impacts. Design An observational study, using a mixed-methods convergent design triangulating data from (1) semistructured interviews or focus groups and/or a self-completed survey, (2) routine service utilisation data, (3) local grey literature and (4) expert consultation. Setting The…
Objectives This study aimed to describe the prevalence and determinants of financial precarity and examine its associations with mental health, healthcare avoidance and academic outcomes among French health students. Design Nationwide cross-sectional study based on an online self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with financial precarity. Setting All 34 French health universities. Participants A total of 12 565 health students participated, including medical (56%), paramedical (21%), midwifery, odontology, pharmacy or…
Objectives To identify profiles of compositional movement behaviour patterns among children and examine cross-sectional and 12-month associations with adiposity markers and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Design Secondary analysis of data from the TransformUs cluster randomised controlled trial with cross-sectional and 12-month follow-up analyses. Setting Primary schools in metropolitan and regional areas of Victoria, Australia. Participants Children aged 7–11 years with valid accelerometer at baseline, regardless of demographic, adiposity and HRQoL data available (n=792), were…
Background Previous studies and meta-analyses suggest an association between hypertension and tinnitus; however, the influence of hypertension severity and control status remains unclear. Objective We aimed to investigate the association between hypertension and tinnitus in detail using a large, population-based dataset from a rural setting. Design Observational cross-sectional study. Setting Sheshdeh, Fasa, Iran. Participants We analysed data from 9775 individuals in the general population, aged 35–70 years, excluding those with a history of cancer, pregnancy or medical conditions known to…
Objective To identify values and preferences regarding smoking cessation interventions among adults with severe mental illness Design Systematic review with best-fit framework synthesis Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus from inception to 14 November 2025. Study selection Studies with any design, in any clinical and geographical setting, reporting on adult (18+) current or past smokers with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar or mood disorder, including major depressive disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. We selected all quantitative and qualitative…
Objectives To investigate the impact of patient-held medication records (PHMRs) on identifying and/or resolving medication discrepancies and other drug-related problems (DRPs) before, during or after care transition. Design A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Data sources Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane via Ovid and CINAHL were searched from 1990 to 2025. Eligibility Any study design investigating the impact of PHMRs in isolation or in combination with other interventions on medication discrepancies and other DRPs was included. Data extraction and synthesis Quality of studies was…
Objective To estimate the global, regional and national burden of maternal haemorrhage (2000–2021) and its 2050 projections in 204 countries and territories. Design This study systematic analysis of the burden of maternal haemorrhage sourced data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. We estimated the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs) due to maternal haemorrhage. Changes in the burden from 2000 to 2021 were computed using AAPC. To detect statistically notable changes in the trends of…
Objectives Given the role of emotions in reasoning, we hypothesised that emotional competence (EC), defined as the ability to identify, understand, express, regulate and use emotions, would increase the quality of physician’s clinical reasoning (CR). The objectives of this study were to map the existing literature on the impact of EC on physician’s CR and to identify any literature gaps. Design This study is a scoping review. Data sources We included articles from Medline (via Ovid), Embase and Psychinfo and articles found manually, with no limitations in terms of publication date or location…