New research and findings from open-access journals and the U.S. research agencies.
This comparative effectiveness research study investigates whether adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with survival in patients with gynecologic cancer undergoing pelvic exenteration with pelvic lymph node metastasis.
This cohort study assessed the opt-in and sample return rates of patients offered home screening for cervical cancer in a large community-based integrated health system.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of serum carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9) level to identify patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm at high risk of high-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma.
This cohort study of Canadian births examines rates of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease among pediatric patients with spina bifida compared with the general population.
This randomized clinical trial assesses whether enrollment in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is improved with direct digital referrals from prenatal care to WIC and/or a registered dietitian nutritionist.
This pilot randomized clinical trial assesses whether phased withdrawal of heart failure medication in patients who have undergone catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) and experienced improvements in cardiac function is feasible and safe.
This quality improvement study examines the delivery of long-acting antiretroviral therapy for HIV in the flexible care setting of a drop-in clinic serving people experiencing homelessness.
This cohort study characterizes individuals using long-acting injectable cabotegravir compared with oral pre-exposure prophylaxis, describes changes in national use over time, and examines longitudinal persistence among users.
Clopidogrel monotherapy was associated with lower risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major bleeding compared with aspirin monotherapy among stable patients post PCI, according to a nationwide cohort study published June 15 in JACC: Asia.
Long-term exposure to specific chemical components of fine particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) was associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, according to a large cohort study published June 24 in JACC.
Objectives This study aims to examine the electronic prescription programme in Iran by thoroughly identifying the key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) associated with its implementation and utilisation among healthcare stakeholders. Design A thematic analysis was adopted, with data systematically examined through the SWOT analytical framework. Setting Hospital, pharmacy, specialised clinic, insurance affiliated clinic in Iran. Participants Participants consisted of four groups involved in implementing the electronic prescription programme, including physicians…
Objectives To identify and compare respiratory illness presentation rates and service utilisation to primary care in Aotearoa, New Zealand (NZ) before, through and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Design A natural language processing (NLP) software interference algorithm was used to interrogate quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional and retrospective cohort data from clinical consultation notes. Setting Primary care presentations across Aotearoa, NZ, encompassing both urban and rural areas. Participants Electronic records were obtained from general practice interactions from 2018 to end of…
Background The Role Checklist is broadly used to assess perceived role participation. Although stroke survivors often experience decreased participation, its reliability has not been evaluated for Spanish-speaking individuals with stroke. Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Role Checklist in Spanish-speaking individuals with stroke. Design Validation study. Setting Randomly selected public primary care centres. Participants 179 participants with stroke. Outcome measures Internal consistency was analysed using Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlations. Test–retest and…
Background Ethnic and socioeconomic inequities in respiratory illness outcomes are well established. Monitoring primary care presentation rates is important for assessing health system equitable responsiveness, particularly during health crises. Aim To examine changes in primary care respiratory illness presentation rates in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) by ethnicity and socioeconomic status before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and setting Retrospective cohort study using natural language processing (NLP) of electronic health records from 37 general practices across eight…
Objectives To investigate the circumstances and contributory factors in cases where cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is administered to people with a learning disability despite a Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) recommendation being in place. Limited understanding exists around why DNACPR recommendations are sometimes not followed in practice. This study aims to address this gap by examining what occurs when CPR is performed contrary to an established DNACPR recommendation. Design Qualitative study using inductive thematic analysis of secondary data derived from…
Introduction Falls are a significant concern for older adults, particularly those with neurological, vestibular, cognitive and post-viral conditions, due to dizziness and imbalance. Conventional balance rehabilitation programmes, though effective, face challenges in adherence and accessibility. The TeleRehabilitation Decision Support System (TeleRehaB DSS) uses artificial intelligence (AI) and motion tracking to provide individualised multisensory balance rehabilitation (MBR) remotely. This trial aims to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of a home-based…
Introduction Asthma affects over 300 million people worldwide and is often accompanied by night-time symptoms that disrupt sleep and contribute to cognitive deficits. Despite growing recognition of these interrelated burdens, data from low-resource settings are scarce. This study addresses this gap by assessing the burden of cognitive dysfunction among adult patients with asthma in northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 June to 30 August 2024. A multistage sampling technique was used to recruit 635 adult asthmatic patients. Data…
Objectives Carotid plaque is an early manifestation of atherosclerosis and is closely associated with the risk of myocardial ischaemia, ischaemic stroke and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). To identify new protein biomarkers associated with carotid plaque, which will enhance early warning of ASCVDs Design Nested case–control study within a prospective cohort, with external assessment of transportability in an independent population-based cohort. Participants and data sources The development cohort is from China, which is a nationwide, community-based cohort and the…
Introduction Lipid-lowering therapies, particularly statins, are central to the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, their effectiveness is often compromised by statin-associated muscle symptoms, leading to non-adherence, discontinuation and/or switching to alternative, more expensive therapies such as Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors or bempedoic acid. Recent studies suggest that N=1-interventions may help distinguish true side effects from nocebo-driven symptoms and support reinitiation of statin therapy. Methods and analysis The…
Objective Autonomy supportive interventions such as the guided self-determination method (GSD), may reduce diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes. The objective was to investigate the benefits and harms of GSD intervention versus attention control group intervention in adults (≥18 years old) with type 2 diabetes. Research designs and methods The design was a pragmatic, dual-centre, randomised, assessor-blinded, superiority clinical trial. People with type 2 diabetes were assigned by computer-generated randomisation to GSD or attention control, both interventions provided…
Background Whether surgical haematoma evacuation leads to reduced brain damage in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage (SSICH) remains unknown. Blood biomarkers reflecting brain damage could aid in prognosticating the clinical outcome and hence support quantifying the benefit of surgical interventions. Methods Blood samples from 10 patients with SSICH in the phase II early minimally invasive image-guided endoscopic evacuation of intracerebral hemorrhage (EMINENT-ICH) pilot study (NCT04805177, completed) were collected longitudinally (at baseline, 24 hours, 3 days…
Objective To explore intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare professionals’ perceptions and experiences of shared decision-making with conscious patients. Design A qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews. Setting Three ICUs at a Joint Commission International-accredited hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Participants 16 ICU healthcare professionals (9 females, 7 males; aged 23–45 years) were interviewed between September and November 2024. Results We identified 10 subthemes that were classified into three themes: (a) conscious but not ready: unstable…
Objective To examine the effectiveness and safety of pharmacist prescribing across multiple healthcare settings. Design A systematic review of quantitative studies. Eligibility criteria for the selection of studies Quantitative studies assessing the effectiveness and safety of pharmacist prescribing compared with non-pharmacist prescribing in any healthcare setting and for any healthcare population. A clear statement of pharmacists’ prescriptive authority was required for inclusion in this systematic review. Data sources A systematic search was conducted using six electronic databases: Embase…
Introduction Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a progressive condition that may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is strongly associated with cardiometabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Weight loss is a key therapeutic strategy to treat MASLD. In recent years, there has been increasing attention to weight-reducing medication, but promising dietary interventions—such as early time restricted eating (eTRE)—have also been developed. Whether these dietary interventions are a good alternative to weight-reducing…