New research and findings from open-access journals and the U.S. research agencies.
This cohort study examines the association between timing of receipt of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits and adherence to oral antiretroviral therapy among SNAP recipients with HIV.
This survey study evaluates how individuals who prefer to receive additionl health tests even when those tests may have limited value or cause harm (ie, medical maximizers), would respond to their clinicians’ suggestion to not undergo cancer screening on the basis of limited life expectancy.
This cohort study evaluates national practice patterns and short-term outcomes of histotripsy for liver tumors among adult patients.
This cross-sectional study assesses whether the carrying of firearms is associated with suicide attempts among adolescents and whether this association differs by race and ethnicity and by strength of state firearm laws.
This qualitative study uses literature review and subject matter expert interviews to identify successes, challenges, and best practices for planning and operation of alternate care facilities in the US.
This quality improvement study explores the independent and combined associations of decolonization and once-daily enhanced cleaning with multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) body-site carriage and environmental contamination in nursing homes.
This population-based cohort study in the Basque Country, Spain, examines whether an organized fecal immunochemical test–based screening program was associated with lower colorectal cancer mortality rates from 2004 to 2024.
Ralinepag, a selective prostacyclin IP receptor agonist, significantly reduced the risk of first clinical worsening compared with placebo in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but was associated with more adverse-event-related treatment discontinuations, according to results of the ADVANCE OUTCOMES trial published July 28 in The Lancet.
by Samuel M. Miller, Paige DeGoursey, Kevin G. Billingsley Surgical palliative care (SPC) integrates the principles of symptom-based care and relief of suffering into traditional surgical practice. From the perspectives of a bedside nurse, surgical critical care fellow, and surgical oncologist, there are natural opportunities to incorporate these principles and in doing so, progress towards SPC becoming the standard of practice. From the perspectives of a bedside nurse, surgical critical care fellow and surgical oncologist, this Perspective by Samuel Miller, Paige DeGoursey and Kevin…
Contract research organization Icon announced a multi-year collaboration with Anthropic this week to bring Claude’s AI capabilities to clinical trials.
Expedition Therapeutics has secured an oversubscribed $115 million series B financing from a line-up of big-name investors to propel its lead DPP1 inhibitor through phase 2.
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding postoperative health self-management among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Setting The study took place at Shanxi Bethune Hospital within the Department of Cardiology, encompassing both inpatient and outpatient settings. Participants A total of 500 patients who had undergone coronary interventional procedures participated in the survey. Interventions Demographic information and KAP scores were obtained using a self-administered…
Objectives To assess levels of and trends in knowledge that smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) cause lung cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 46 countries over two decades. Design Longitudinal cohort and repeat cross-sectional surveys. Setting Nationally representative surveys in 26 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Project countries (2002–2022) and 32 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) countries (2008–2020). Participants Adults (aged 18+ years) who smoke tobacco (26 ITC countries: n=133 410; 32 GATS countries: n=110 537). Analysis outcomes Current use of cigarettes at least monthly…
Background With improvements in in vitro culture techniques, there has been a steady shift in practice to transfer in vitro fertilisation (IVF) embryos at the blastocyst-stage to increase pregnancy rates per embryo transfer (ET) and reduce the risk of multiple pregnancy. In patients with fewer embryos (≤5 zygotes), fresh cleavage-stage ET is still commonly performed to reduce the risk of cycle cancellation if no embryo survives to the blastocyst-stage in vitro. However, evidence for improved outcomes with cleavage-stage embryo transfer in this subgroup of patients is lacking. We will…
Objectives Fatigue is an important and distressing symptom for many people living with chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Non-pharmacological interventions designed to reduce fatigue have been investigated but the evidence is disparate across MSK conditions and across the lifespan. This scoping review aimed to create an overview of the current knowledge of non-pharmacological interventions for fatigue in MSK conditions across the lifespan, including their theoretical bases, the characteristics of participants and the clinical competencies of those delivering interventions. It aimed to…
Objectives To estimate the causal effect of increased schooling arising from national policy reforms on HIV/AIDS infection and testing, along with associated indicators of risk across a wide range of settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Design Multicountry quasi-experimental analysis using two-stage least squares (instrumental variable) analysis with national schooling reforms as the instrument for years of schooling. Setting A pooled sample from 23 sub-Saharan African countries with historical peak HIV-prevalence rates ranging from under 1% to over 20%, surveyed from 2003 to 2019. Participants A…
Background Induced abortion remains a significant reproductive health issue in Iran, shaped by complex socio-economic, cultural and legal factors. Despite its importance, limited evidence exists on the underlying motivations for seeking abortion in a context of restrictive laws and pronatalist policies. Objectives This study aimed to explore the reasons underlying couples’ decisions to seek induced abortion within the constraints of the current legal framework. Design Qualitative interview study, co-designed with couples with a history of induced abortion. Methods We conducted semi-structured…
Objectives While the social determinants of the home environment and childhood unintentional injuries (UIs) are well established, their association within the context of rapid urbanisation in China remains understudied. Given its rapid urban growth and unique housing landscape, Chongqing provides a valuable context for this investigation. This study aimed to investigate how socioeconomic and home environmental factors collectively shape the risk of childhood UIs in urban households in Chongqing. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Data were collected in April 2023, in Jiangbei District…
Introduction Obesity disproportionately impacts people with intellectual disabilities (PwID). Given the challenges that PwID face, such as cognitive deficits, differences in motivation and communication difficulties, the need for tailored interventions for weight management in PwID is recognised. Yet, this population is underserved, with limited weight management interventions for them compared with the general population. Existing reviews suggest that ‘multi-component’ interventions (including physical activity and dietary advice) are impactful at reducing weight in PwID; however, less is…
Objectives To evaluate whether alcohol use severity, as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C), is associated with postoperative complications, hospital utilisation and opioid prescribing among adult surgical inpatients. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Single tertiary academic hospital in the USA, using data from inpatient surgical admissions between April 2021 and September 2023. Participants Adult patients (≥18 years) admitted for inpatient surgery with a completed AUDIT-C screening during their admission. Measures AUDIT-C scores were…
Background Health coaching is the process of using conversation, clinical strategies and interventions to engage clients in setting goals and identifying strategies to facilitate behaviour changes that allow clients to better self-manage their health. Health coaching is a new and growing industry in the USA. With increasing budgetary strain and limited resources, understanding the financial outcomes of adding health coaching is critical. Objectives The objective of this review was to examine what is known in the literature about health coaching and cost analyses since 2017, building and…
Introduction Early childhood development (ECD) interventions within global health systems support children aged 0–5 years across a range of developmental needs, including those who are typically developing (healthy), at risk of developmental delay or living with developmental disorders. These interventions address multiple domains of development, yet their conceptual integration remains variable across contexts. The F-words framework—encompassing Functionig, Family, Fitness, Fun, Friends and Future—provides a holistic, strengths-based lens for understanding child development, yet its…
Objective To investigate the differences in pathogenic bacterial profiles between ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) and to provide data to support clinical infection prevention and control. Design A retrospective observational study using surveillance data, accompanied by a statistical analysis of pathogen-related variables between the two study cohorts. Setting Sixty-one secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions in a single city. Data were extracted from the city’s regional healthcare-associated infection surveillance…
Objective Frailty, a critical health indicator of ageing, poses significant public health challenges for individuals and society. This study analysed the longitudinal association between changes in employment status and frailty among middle-aged and older adults in Korea across different employment types. It also examined how employment transitions impact frailty components, particularly weakness, isolation and exhaustion. Design A longitudinal study. Setting A nationwide community-based longitudinal study using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from 2006 to 2022. Participants…